Articole medicale din specializarea Obstetrică - ginecologie

Repetarea investigatiilor anterioare (din trimestrul I de sarcina) ale caror rezultate sunt in afara valorilor normale sau exista simptomatologie relevanta. Teste de laborator care SE REPETA la nevoie: -hemoglobina/hematocrit; -glicemie (+/- HGP); -sumar de urina/urocultura (in tulburari de mictiune); -titru de anticorpi in incompatibilitate de Rh si grup sanguin; -examen bacteriologic al secretiei vaginale. Examen ecografic OBLIGATORIU pentru : -MORFOLOGIE fetala (saptamanile 22-24); -subdezvoltare fetala; -sarcina multipla. TESTE SUPLIMENTARE : -TRIPLU TEST (AFP,HCG,estriol...

I.Evaluation of female partner : Physical parameters : Anthropometric : -weight (kg); -height (m); -body mass index (BMI); -normal range : (BMI 19-25); -waist girth (cm); -hip girth (cm); -W:H ratio ; -normal value for W:H ratio <0.85; -normal value for waist girth <90cm . Clinical parameters : Transvaginal sonography : -Evaluation of uterus , uterine cavity and endometrial response; -Measurement of ovarian volume , antral follicle count (AFC) to differentiate PCOS from non-PCOS; -HSG: in case of women with infertility period of <5 years (in absence of severe male factor ) ;...

Conform World Health Organisation o spermograma normala arata astfel: -volum: 2 ml; -concentratia spermatozoizilor 20 milioane/ml; -motilitate min 50% cu progresie rapida; -morfologie >30% forme normale; -leucocite <1 milion/ml; -testul de imunitate <20% sperme aderente la particule; Investigatii in cazul infertilitatii masculine: -spermograma; -spermocultura; -analize hormonale:FSH,Lh,prolactina,testosteron; -consult urologic; -testare : Chlamydia,Mycoplasma+Ureaplasma; -testarea ejacularii functionale retrograde; -teste functionale spermatice; -anticorpii antispermatici; -e...

-cerere tip; -copie BI/CI solicitant; -copie certificat nastere copil/ceilalti copii; -copie certificat handicap copii; -adeverinta-tip eliberata de angajator dic care sa rezulte: -ca persoana a realizat venituri profesionale supuse impozitului pe venit conform Codului Fiscal in ultimele 12 luni anterioare datei nasterii copilului; -din care sa reiasa perioada concediului de maternitate (prenatal si postnatal); -copie a cererii catre angajator prin care se solicita intrarea in concediul de crestere a copilului; -copie a deciziei de suspendare a contractului de munca in ve...

Antigenul D sau factorul Rh determină clasificarea eritrocitelor È‹n două tipuri : -eritrocitele care prezintă factor Rh sunt eritrocite Rh pozitive și -eritrocite care nu prezintă factor Rh sunt Rh negative . în timpul sarcinii , este obligatorie determinarea grupului sangvin și a Rh-ului gravidei și ala tatălui copilului . Această determinare trebuie făcută la È‹nceputul sarcinii , inclusiv pentru sarcinile nedorite . Riscul de izoimunizare depinde de 3 factori : 1. Volumul de sânge transplacental 2. Extentinderea răspunsului imun matern 3. Concomitența prezenței incompatibi...

Sperm preparation technique is a very crucial step in the success of IUI.It separates highly motile functional sperm with normal morphology in high percentage and removes seminal plasma that contains prostaglandins and cytokines and antigenic or infectious matter along with defective and nonvital sperm and debris. The technique required for IUI : centrifugation of human semen to separate spermatozoa from seminal plasma.Some of the are superior to all other techniques:the density gradient centrifugation and the glass-wool filtration technique.They impove the number of morphologically normal a...

Must weigh several factors : risk of exposure , maternal risk , fetal risk , risk from vaccine / toxoid . Rule of thumb : No live vaccines unless : 1. Susceptibility / exposure probable and 2. Disease threat to woman / fetus - vaccine risk Only routinely administrated immunization during pregnancy : 1. Tetanus - diphtheria toxoids 2. At-risk group for Hep B virus MMR : 3 months before pregnancy or immediate postpartum Polio / yellow fever vaccine - when traveling to endemic area Immune globulins : 1. After exposure to : measles , Hep A , B , tetanus , chickenpox or rabies 2....

Description: Hypertension existing prior to the onset of pregnancy,hypertension diagnosed prior to 20 weeks estimated gestational age, or persistent postpartum hypertension (>12 weeks postpartum).Hypertension diagnosed during pregnancy may be : -mild: >140/90mm Hg; -severe: > 160/110mm Hg. Risk factors: -Obesity; -Smoking; -Family history of HTP; -Sedentary lifestyle; -Etnicity (African Americans , Hispanics ); -Stress; -Drugs (cocaine , methamphetamine). Associated conditions: -Renal : glomerulpnephritis , interstitial nefritis ; -Retinal : retinopathy ; -Cardiac: cardiome...

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a group of host-specific DNA viruses, with a remarkable epithelial cell specificity: they have been reported principally in the ano-genital tract, urethra, skin, larynx, tracheo-bronchial and oral mucosa. More than 100 different HPV types have been identified and classified as high (e.g. 16, 18, 31) or low (e.g. 11, 42, 36) -risk (HR and LR), based on their association with cervical carcinoma. The carcinogenic role of HR-HPV revolves mainly around two of its oncoproteins: HPV-E6 which promotes degradation of the p53 tumour suppressor gene product and HPV-E7 wh...

Only a minority of women with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection eventually develop cervical cancer, which suggests that host immune mechanisms play a role in the disease. HLA polymorphisms have been linked to the risk of cervical cancer, but very little is known about the role that they play in the acquisition and persistence of HPV infection.A study of cervical HPV infections was used to examine the role that 5 HLA alleles (B*07, DQB1*03, DQB1*0602, DRB1*13, and DRB1*1501) play in determining the risk of HPV positivity and persistence in case of cohort.HPV positivity was determined by use ...